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Crane FL. Biochemical functions of Coenzyme Q10. J Am Coll Nutr. 2001;20(6):591-98.
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In 1957, the author of this paper, Dr. Crane discovered a quinone in mitochondia, which was later to be called ubiquinone (CoQ10). This paper is a review of the basic biochemical functions of CoQ10, such as in energy production and antioxidant metabolism. Aging is associated with a reduction of CoQ10 levels. Normal blood level is about 1 mcg/mL and supplementation with 100 mg/day will elevate to about 2 mcg.mL or more. We normally make CoQ10 and derive very little from diet. |
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Bonakdar RA, Guarneri E. Coenzyme Q10. Am Fam Phys. 2005;72:1065-70.
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A basic review of CoQ10 actions (ATP & antioxidant) followed by a review of the literature regarding supplemental CoQ10 for various conditions. Outcomes are typically modest as most chronic conditions are diverse in nature and the purpose of CoQ10 supplementation is to support normal cell function and metabolism. |
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Monograph. Coenzyme Q10. Alt Med Rev. 2007;12(2):159-68.
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A basic review of CoQ10 actions (ATP & antioxidant) followed by a review of the literature regarding supplemental CoQ10 for various conditions. Outcomes are typically modest as most chronic conditions are diverse in nature and the purpose of CoQ10 supplementation is to support normal cell function and metabolism. |
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Qu J et al. Coenzyme Q10 in the human retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009;50:1814-18.
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CoQ10 levels in the retina can decline by approximately 40% with age. This decline may have two consequences: a decrease in antioxidant ability and a decrease in the rate of ATP synthesis in the retina and, as such, this decline may be linked to the progression of macular degeneration, which is the leading cause of blindness in people over the age of 55. |
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